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You may still be the personal representative of the Estate so long as you meet the statutory requirements. However, our marriage is void and you are not considered an heir for purposes of inheritance (i.e. distribution of assets). It would also appear that the former spouse may be entitled to a portion of the decedent's Estate.

If he has transferred the house, then he has given up all legal rights to it. I think it would be extremely difficult for him to get it back, at this point. You can certainly hire an attorney, if he tries. Until that time, I would continue on your current course.

A quitclaim deed cannot transfer title.  The only thing it can do is note that the signer quits making a claim to ownership.  That is why it is best used with disputed easements and rights of way. The owner of a life estate (your mother, since a quitclaim deed cannot transfer title) cannot do anything which would damage the rights of the remaindermen.  (Note that the situation is different if this is not a simple life estate but a general warranty deed reserving extended life estate a/k/a Lady Bird Deed.  Your mother could revoke that at any time before her death.) On your mother's death (which terminates the life estate), your brother could file a claim against her estate for "loans" for improvements -- but would have to show tbey were not gifts.   Show the actual documents to a local real estate lawyer so that she can advise you based on the facts.